ANATOMICAL AND PHYTOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISATION OF CAESULIA AXILLARIS R.

An anatomical and phytochemical investigation of the species Caesulia of the family Asteraceae situated in the Akola region was carried out. The species was collected from the Akola region and identified with the help of flora. An anatomical and phytochemical study of vegetative parts such as root, stem, and leaf was conducted. Anatomical characteristics such as quadrangular stem , in which cork cambium is observed. In leaf anatomy trichomes are observed. In root, the fleshy tap root is observed and the endodermis of the root has thickened walls these both are the characteristic of Asteraceae family. These 
anatomical characteristics are important for systematic studies. Anatomical studies also  reveal adaptations to environmental conditions, such as drought or salinity. Anatomical and phytochemical studies inform the development of herbal medicines and pharmaceuticals. Phytochemicals can be used as biomarkers for monitoring and monitoring environmental pollution. The phytochemical analysis of plants is very important commercially, and pharmaceutical companies are greatly interested in the production of new drugs for curing various diseases. Medicinal plants of the Asteraceae family have many bioactive compounds which are used for curing various human diseases and also play an important role in healing. Hence the anatomical study of the root, stem and leaf and the aqueous extract of the root, stem and leaf powder of Caesulia have been screened for qualitative determination of different secondary metabolites like glycoside, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, reducing sugar, saponin and terpenoids etc. The phytochemicals which are present in Caesulia axilllaris are carbohydrates, proteins, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, quinones, steroids, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, saponin, lignins, and terpenoids. The phytochemicals are uses in herbal medicines, traditional chinese medicines and and as lead compounds in the development of new medicines. They have antiinflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-viral, anti -cancer properties. The Caesulia axillaris is used by tribal people to treat respiratory diseases and to cure various skin problems.  

Keyword: Anatomy, Phytochemistry, Bioactive Compounds, Asteraceae, Medicinal plants, Traditional Medicine.